REFERENCES Bielecki, S. (2005), “Exchange market pressure and domestic credit evidence from Poland”, The Poznan University of Economics Review, 5(1): 20-36. Eichengreen, B.J., Rose, A.K. and Wyplosz, C. (1994), “Speculative Attacks on Pegged Exchange Rates: an Empirical Exploration with Special Reference to the European Monetary System”, NBER Working Paper No. 4898. Eichengreen, B.J., Rose, A.K. and Wyplosz, C. (1995), “Exchange Market Mayhem: The Antecedents and Aftermath of Speculative Attacks”, Economic Policy, 10(21): 249-312. Girton, L. and Roper, D.E. (1977), “A Monetary Model of Exchange Market Pressure Applied to the Postwar Canadian Experience”, American Economic Review, 67(4): 537-48. Kaminski, G., Lizondo, S. and Reinhart, C. (1998), “Leading indicators of currency crises”, IMF Staff Papers, 45(1): 1-48. Kaminski, G. and Reinhart, C. (1999), “The twin crises: The causes of banking and balance-of-payments problems”, American Economic Review, 89(3): 473-500. Levy-Yeyati, E. and Sturzenegger, F. (2005), “Classifying exchange rate regimes: Deeds vs. words”, European Economic Review, 49(6): 1603-35. Pentecost, E.J., Van Hoydonk, C. and Van Poeck, A. (2001), “Measuring and Estimating Exchange Market Pressure in the EU”, Journal of International Money and Finance, 20(3): 401-18. Pontines, V. and Siregar, R. (2006), “Identifying and Dating the Episodes of Speculative Pressures against the Singapore Dollar”, Singapore Economic Review, 51(2): 113-33. Reinhart, C.M and Rogoff, K.S. (2004), “The Modern History of Exchange Rate Arrangements: A Reinterpretation”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119(1): 1-48. Roper, D.E. and Turnovsky, S.J. (1980), “Optimal Exchange Market Intervention in a Simple Stochastic Macro Model”, Canadian Journal of Economics, 13(2): 296-309. Sachs, J.D., Tornell, A. and Velasco, A. (1996), “Financial crises in emerging markets: The lessons from 1995”, Brooking Papers on Economic Activity, 1: 147-215. Spolander, M. (1999), “Measuring Exchange Market Pressure and Central Bank Intervention”, Bank of Finland Studies E:17. Stavárek, D. (2006), “Exchange Market Pressure before Entering the ERM II - The Case of Central European Countries”, Amfiteatru Economic, 19: 34-9. Tanner, E. (2002), “Exchange Market Pressure, Currency Crises, and Monetary Policy: Additional Evidence from Emerging Markets”, IMF Working Paper WP/02/14. Turnovsky, S.J. (1985), “Optimal Exchange Market Intervention: Two Alternative Classes of Rules”, In: Bhandari, J.S. (ed) Exchange Rate Management Under Uncertainty. Cambridge: MIT Press. Van Poeck, A., Vanneste, J. and Veiner, M. (2007), “Exchange Rate Regimes and Exchange Market Pressure in the New EU Member States”, Journal of Common Market Studies, 45(2): 459-85. Weymark, D.N. (1995), “Estimating Exchange Market Pressure and the Degree of Exchange Market Intervention for Canada”, Journal of International Economics, 39(3-4): 273-95. Weymark, D.N. (1997a), “Measuring the Degree of Exchange Market Intervention in a Small Open Economy”, Journal of International Money and Finance, 16(1): 55-79. Weymark, D.N. (1997b), “Measuring Exchange Market Pressure and Intervention in Interdependent Economy: A Two-Country Model”, Review of International Economics, 5(1): 72-82. Weymark, D.N. (1998), “A General Approach to Measuring Exchange Market Pressure”, Oxford Economic Papers, 50(1): 106-21.